en:ecovirt:roteiro:comuni:roteiros
Differences
This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.
| Both sides previous revision Previous revision Next revision | Previous revision | ||
|
en:ecovirt:roteiro:comuni:roteiros [2022/09/15 14:50] adalardo [Community Structure] |
en:ecovirt:roteiro:comuni:roteiros [2022/09/15 15:05] (current) adalardo [Neutral Dynamics] |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Line 10: | Line 10: | ||
| -->Virtual Community# | -->Virtual Community# | ||
| {{ecovirt:virtual_online_community2.jpg?220 |}} Let's build virtual plant communities based on Frederic Clements' ideas of "superorganism" (communities with well-defined boundaries) and Henry Gleason's individualistic concept (communities without clearly defined boundaries). | {{ecovirt:virtual_online_community2.jpg?220 |}} Let's build virtual plant communities based on Frederic Clements' ideas of "superorganism" (communities with well-defined boundaries) and Henry Gleason's individualistic concept (communities without clearly defined boundaries). | ||
| - | * [[en:ecovirt:roteiro:comuni:comuni_virt1|Virtual Community Guide]] | + | * [[en:ecovirt:roteiro:comuni:comuni_virt1|Virtual Community Tutorial]] |
| <-- | <-- | ||
| Line 19: | Line 19: | ||
| {{ecovirt:whiskysociety.gif?200 |}} Classification methods group objects according to the similarity of their attributes. They serve to identify sets of more similar objects that, in our case, are plots of plants. However, the method can also be used for other noble purposes, such as classifying [[http://www.dcs.ed.ac.uk/home/jhb/whisky/lapointe/text.html/classification.html| single malt scotch whiskey]]. This work was published in the journal Applied Statististics (1994) 43, No. 1, pp. 237-257, one of the most renowned journals in the field of Mathematics and Statistics, with one of the most renowned ecologists today, [[http://www.bio.umontreal.ca/legendre/indexEn.html| Pierre Legendre]], from the University of Montreal in Canada. He and his son published one of the reference books for anyone interested in quantitative methods in ecology: "Numerical Ecology". This exercise is dedicated to them. | {{ecovirt:whiskysociety.gif?200 |}} Classification methods group objects according to the similarity of their attributes. They serve to identify sets of more similar objects that, in our case, are plots of plants. However, the method can also be used for other noble purposes, such as classifying [[http://www.dcs.ed.ac.uk/home/jhb/whisky/lapointe/text.html/classification.html| single malt scotch whiskey]]. This work was published in the journal Applied Statististics (1994) 43, No. 1, pp. 237-257, one of the most renowned journals in the field of Mathematics and Statistics, with one of the most renowned ecologists today, [[http://www.bio.umontreal.ca/legendre/indexEn.html| Pierre Legendre]], from the University of Montreal in Canada. He and his son published one of the reference books for anyone interested in quantitative methods in ecology: "Numerical Ecology". This exercise is dedicated to them. | ||
| - | * [[en:ecovirt:roteiro:comuni:comuni_classr|Classification guide by cluster ]] | + | * [[en:ecovirt:roteiro:comuni:comuni_classr|Classification by Clustering Tutorial ]] |
| <-- | <-- | ||
| Line 29: | Line 29: | ||
| {{ecovirt:multivar.jpg?300 |}}Ordination is a method of redescription of multivariate data in order to present them in few dimensions, usually 2 or 3, with minimal loss of information. Let's use one of the first ordination methods described - polar sorting. This method was developed by John Thomas Curtis and served as a way of revealing gradients in his studies of plant communities in Wisconsin, considered as evidence against Clements' theory of communities as a superorganism. | {{ecovirt:multivar.jpg?300 |}}Ordination is a method of redescription of multivariate data in order to present them in few dimensions, usually 2 or 3, with minimal loss of information. Let's use one of the first ordination methods described - polar sorting. This method was developed by John Thomas Curtis and served as a way of revealing gradients in his studies of plant communities in Wisconsin, considered as evidence against Clements' theory of communities as a superorganism. | ||
| - | * [[en:ecovirt:roteiro:comuni:comuni_order|Order Script ]] | + | * [[en:ecovirt:roteiro:comuni:comuni_order|Ordenation Tutorial ]] |
| | | ||
| Line 40: | Line 40: | ||
| {{ecovirt:odd-growth-forest.jpg?150 |}} | {{ecovirt:odd-growth-forest.jpg?150 |}} | ||
| - | Natural disturbances were long considered an exogenous and rare factor in natural systems, but today they are fully incorporated as an important factor in the organization of communities. Furthermore, the study of disturbances acquired greater importance with the increase in their intensity and frequency by the action of man. After disturbances, plant communities tend to return to a state similar to the initial one, which we call ecological succession. Here we will address the relationships between disturbance and succession, focusing on coexistence and conflicting colonization/competition demand in simple models of community dynamics. | + | Natural disturbances were long considered an exogenous and rare factor in natural systems, but today they are fully incorporated as an important factor in the organization of communities. Furthermore, the study of disturbances acquired greater importance with the increase in their intensity and frequency by the action of man. After disturbances, plant communities tend to return to a state similar to the initial one, which we call ecological succession. Here we will address the relationships between disturbance and succession, focusing on coexistence and colonization/competition tradeoff in simple models of community dynamics. |
| \\ | \\ | ||
| Line 58: | Line 58: | ||
| --> Disturbance and Coexistence # | --> Disturbance and Coexistence # | ||
| - | * [[en:ecovirt:roteiro:sucess:suc_distrcmdr|Disturbance and Coexistence Script]] | + | * [[en:ecovirt:roteiro:sucess:suc_distrcmdr|Disturbance and Coexistence Tutorial]] |
| ------------ | ------------ | ||
| Line 101: | Line 101: | ||
| - | ====== Dinâmicas Neutras ====== | + | ====== Neutral Dynamics ====== |
| - | {{:ecovirt:true-neutral.jpg?200 |}} | + | {{:ecovirt:true-neutral.jpg?200 |}} |
| - | Modelos neutros em ecologia partem da premissa de que todas as espécie são competitivamente equivalentes, ao contrário dos modelos baseados em nicho. Vamos examinar duas das teorias neutras mais importantes em ecologia, ambas publicados na influente série de monografias [[http://press.princeton.edu/catalogs/series/mpb.html|MPB]], da Universidade de Princenton. | + | Neutral models in ecology assume that all species are competitively equivalent, unlike niche-based models. Let's examine two of the most important neutral theories in ecology, both published in Princenton University's influential monograph series [[http://press.princeton.edu/catalogs/series/mpb.html|MPB]]. |
| - | -->Biogeografia de ilhas# | + | -->Island Biogeography# |
| - | {{ ecovirt:anavilhanas.jpg?200|}} | + | |
| - | Além da teoria neutra de evolução molecular de Motoo Kimura de 1968, Hubbell baseou-se fortemente na teoria de biogeografia de ilhas de MacArthur e Wilson. A teoria de biogeografia de ilhas foi criada para explicar um padrão muito recorrente na natureza: a relação entre o número de espécies de um local e sua área. A teoria mais aceita até então, baseada na idéia de que cada espécie possui um nicho, propunha que ilhas maiores tinham maior riqueza de espécies porque continham maior diversidade de habitats. Já a teoria de MacArthur e Wilson propõe que o número de espécies de uma ilha é determinado apenas pela taxa de extinção das espécies já presentes na ilha e pela taxa de imigração de espécies vindas do continente. | + | |
| - | * [[en:ecovirt:roteiro:neutr:biogeor|Roteiro Biogeoografia de Ilhas]] | + | {{ ecovirt:anavilhanas.jpg?200|}} |
| + | In addition to Motoo Kimura's 1968 neutral theory of molecular evolution, Hubbell drew heavily on MacArthur and Wilson's theory of island biogeography. The theory of island biogeography was created to explain a very recurrent pattern in nature: the relationship between the number of species in a place and its area. The most accepted theory so far, based on the idea that each species has a niche, proposed that larger islands had greater species richness because they contained greater habitat diversity. The theory of MacArthur and Wilson proposes that the number of species on an island is determined only by the rate of extinction of species already present on the island and the rate of immigration of species from the mainland. | ||
| + | |||
| + | * [[en:ecovirt:roteiro:neutr:biogeor|Biography of Islands Roadmap]] | ||
| <-- | <-- | ||
| - | -->Teoria Neutra da Biodiversidade# | + | -->Neutral Biodiversity Theory# |
| - | {{ ecovirt:cartoon_unified_neutral_theory.jpg?200|Todas espécies tem o mesmo nicho?}}Stephen Hubbell partiu da Teoria de Biogeografia de Ilhas e de sua vasta experiência com dinâmica de florestas tropicais para propor um processo simples de nascimentos e mortes que explicaria a grande diversidade nos trópicos. Conheça mais sobre a polêmica "Teoria Neutra Unificada da Biodiversidade e Biogeografia", para a qual qualquer espécie pode estar em qualquer lugar. | + | {{ ecovirt:cartoon_unified_neutral_theory.jpg?200|Do all species have the same niche?}}Stephen Hubbell departed from the Theory of Island Biogeography and from his vast experience with tropical forest dynamics to propose a simple process of births and deaths that would explain the great diversity in the tropics. Learns about the controversial "Unified Neutral Theory of Biodiversity and Biogeography", where species are equivalents. |
| - | * [[en:ecovirt:roteiro:neutr:neutrarcmdr|Roteiro Teoria Neutra da Biodiversidade ]] | + | * [[en:ecovirt:roteiro:neutr:neutrarcmdr|Script Neutral Theory of Biodiversity ]] |
| <-- | <-- | ||
| - | |||
| - | | ||
en/ecovirt/roteiro/comuni/roteiros.1663264252.txt.gz · Last modified: 2022/09/15 14:50 by adalardo
Except where otherwise noted, content on this wiki is licensed under the following license: CC Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 International
